About Yoon Dong-ju
summary
Yoon Dong-ju was a Korean poet and independence activist who lived during the Japanese colonial era. He did not engage in direct armed struggles, but is well-known for reflecting on his actions and expressing shame for appearing to take a different path from that of his people due to studying in Japan.
Although Yoon Dong-ju is primarily known as a poet, there were many surprising aspects to his life that came to light with the release of trial documents in 2010. Even in the face of the notorious Special Higher Police and Japanese judges, Yoon Dong-ju remained confident and steadfast. The shy poet with a passive image disappeared, replaced by an image of a passionate independence fighter who expressed his desire for independence and countermeasures without hesitation. The ruling against Yoon Dong-ju stated that he discussed concrete policies for promoting national consciousness and achieving independence.
Although he lived a short life, Yoon Dong-ju is a writer who has made a significant contribution to Korean literature through his unique sensitivity, reflections on life, and desire for independence. In addition, Yoon Dong-ju, along with Lee Yuk-sa, is revered as a national poet because many writers were forced to write or turned into pro-Japanese groups due to Japanese coercion and conciliatory measures since the 1930s.
whole life
On December 30, 1917, he was born to a wealthy family in Myeongdong Village, Hwaryong County, Jilin Province, China (now Longjing City, Xinjin Mingdong Village), the eldest of seven siblings of his father Yoon Young-seok, a Protestant elder and primary school teacher. At the time of birth, it is said that the expectations of the family were different because I was born after the two older sisters died in a row. The nickname is Haehwan, which means to shine like the sun. Yoon Il-ju, his younger brother, is Dal-hwan, and his younger brother, who passed away as a newborn, is Byeol-hwan.
Myeongdong Village, the birthplace of Yoon Dong-ju, is a very important place in his life, and Pastor Kim Yak-yeon, the spiritual leader of the village and Yoon Dong-ju's maternal uncle, had a great influence on Yoon Dong-ju as a person who raised the leader of the nation in faith to resist the Japanese colonial rule. Pastor Moon Ik-hwan, a nationalist famous for the unification movement, was also from Myeongdong Village and grew up with Yoon Dong-ju. For your information, Ahn Jung-geun, who shot Ito Hirobumi in Harbin, is also known to have collected himself by practicing shooting in the Myeongdong village in Geodajeon.
Yoon Dong-ju, who entered Myeong-dong Elementary School with Song Mong-gyu in April 1925, graduated in March 1931, and joined the sixth grade (graduation class) of Hwaryonghyeon Jeil Primary School, a Chinese elementary school located in Daerapja, and studied for a year. The experience at this time appears in the phrase "the names of exotic girls such as Pae, Gyeong, and Ok" in his poem <The Night of Counting Stars>. After graduating from Hwaryong Prefectural First Primary School in March 1932, he entered Eunjin Middle School, a mission school established by the Presbyterian Church of Canada. However, Eunjin Middle School, a four-year secondary education institution under the Republic of China, had to take a separate qualification examination called the vocational school entrance examination (full-time examination) to enter a higher education institution in Japan or Joseon after graduation. Therefore, Yoon Dong-ju, who wanted to go to school, dropped out of Eunjin Middle School with only one semester left until graduation in August 1935, and followed his friend Moon Ik-hwan to take the transfer test to Soongsil Middle School, a mission school located in Pyongyang.
However, Yoon Dong-ju, who failed to be recognized as a fourth-grade academic background as a result of the test, transferred to Soongsil Middle School as a third-grade student in September 1935. Soongsil Middle School, which had difficulty studying abroad, had been in conflict with the authorities over the visit to the shrine since the end of 1935, but on January 20, 1936, the principal was dismissed and the school was closed. As a result, Yoon Dong-ju, who had been studying in Pyongyang to enter a higher school, had no choice but to drop out of Soongsil Middle School (completed the fourth grade) in just half a year and return to his hometown. Subsequently, Soongsil Middle School appointed Jeong Doo-hyun, a professor at Soongsil College, as its principal on March 5, 1936, but after continuing to conflict over the shrine visit, it voluntarily closed on March 19, 1938.
Yoon Dong-ju, who returned from Pyongyang with Moon Ik-hwan, transferred to Yongjeong Gwangmyeong Middle School (Gwangmyeong Academy Middle School), the only Japanese-style five-year middle school in Gando, as a fourth grade in April 1936. Gwangmyeong Middle School, which was acquired by Japanese capitalists in 1925, was an overseas designated school approved by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Japanese Empire. Yoon Dong-ju, who dropped out of Soongsil Middle School, where his cousin Song Mong-gyu jumped into the independence movement in China and refused to visit a shrine arrested by Japanese police, entered a school built to thoroughly democratize the Korean people. Moon Ik-hwan, who was incorporated into Gwangmyeong Middle School together, recalled, "It's like jumping out of the pot and falling on a charcoal fire."
Yoon Dong-ju, who finished fifth grade at Gwangmyeong Middle School in December 1937, prepared for the entrance examination to the old school with Song Mong-gyu, who graduated from Daesung Middle School. Yoon Dong-joo, who insisted on liberal arts despite his strong desire to go to medical school or law school such as Kyungsung Medical Center and Severance Medical School, clashed with his father every day over this issue, saying, "If you graduate from liberal arts, will you be a newspaper reporter?" Then, the grandfather who couldn't see Yoon Dong-ju raised his hand to Yoon Dong-ju's stubbornness, and Yoon Dong-ju carried out the liberal arts support. In fact, the grandfather agreed with his father, but when the fight between the father and the father intensified, he was forced to mediate.
In the end, Yoon Dong-ju and Song Mong-gyu succeeded in entering the liberal arts department of Yeonhui College in April 1938. At Yeonhui College, which was the birthplace of Korean studies, Yoon Dong-ju learned Korean from Choi Hyun-bae, history from Son Jin-tae, and English literature from Lee Yang-ha. Yoon Young-chun, his uncle's master, said that Yoon Dong-ju deeply respected Choi Hyun-bae, and was greatly influenced by him, so he wrote poems refined in Korean after entering Yeonhui College. Along with Song Mong-gyu, he also participated in the publication of "Moonwoo," a literary magazine of the Yeonhui College's liberal arts student council. The days of studying at Yeonhui College were the happiest times in Yoon Dong-ju's life, and many of his statements were written at this time.
Yoon Dong-joo, who graduated from Yeonhui College in December 1941, three months earlier than scheduled, chose to study more in accordance with temporary measures on shortening the wartime mathematical period caused by the intensification of the Sino-Japanese War. Gyeongseong Imperial University, the only relief university in Joseon, received new students with a pre-department, so Yoon Dong-ju, who graduated from the relief college, had no choice but to study in the interior to study at the undergraduate level. In the spring of 1942, Yoon Dong-ju, who failed to pass the examination for a senior student, entered the English department of Rikkyo University, a mission school in Tokyo.
Yoon Dong-ju, who completed [English Language Practice] and [Oriental Philosophy History] for a semester at Rikkyo University, reappeared in the summer of 1942 and failed the examination for a law student at Tohoku Imperial University. Later, he transferred to the Faculty of Literature at Doshisha University and moved to Kyoto. attend Rikkyo University It is said that the sudden transfer to Doshisha University was triggered by Yoon Dong-ju's suffering in Rikkyo University's training class. In addition, according to Kim Hyung-seok, an honorary professor at Yonsei University, Yoon Dong-ju and his junior high school colleague, university students in Tokyo were forced to go to the school as a student soldier, and Professor Kim Hyung-seok had to move to Kyoto with Yoon Dong-ju to study.
However, going to Kyoto, where Song Mong-gyu, who was always subject to surveillance, was labeled "Yo Inspection," was the same as Yoon Dong-ju himself walking into the surveillance network of Japanese public security authorities. On July 10, 1943, Song Mong-gyu was arrested by the special high school police and taken to Shimokamo Police Station for the "Nationalist Group Case of Korean Students in Kyoto", and Yoon Dong-ju was arrested by Detective Sadao Koro-gi and handed over to the prosecution in December. When Song Mong-gyu, a former good judge of the Japanese Imperial Police, discussed Joseon independence and national enlightenment in Kyoto with his cousin Yoon Dong-ju and Ko Hee-wook, a third high school student, Yoon Dong-ju agreed to create an atmosphere of Joseon independence. After finding out this, the special police arrested a group of Korean students, including Song Mong-gyu and Yoon Dong-ju.
Yoon Dong-ju, whose health deteriorated in prison for about a year and seven months, died at Fukuoka Prison at the age of 27 due to cerebral hemorrhage on February 16, 1945, just half a year before liberation. Shortly before his death, Yoon Dong-ju said something, but the Japanese guard did not understand it, and some biographies speculate that it might not have been Korean, and it may have been a single word of "Ah." In <Sky, Wind, Stars, and Poems> published based on the manuscript written by Yoon Dong-ju after his death, there is an article written by his friend Kang Cheo-jung thinking of him. At that time, the guard said that Yoon Dong-ju died after shouting for the last time, and this sound sounded as if it were the death of Korean independence. On November 3, 1946, the year after his death, he was pardoned under Decree No. 511 issued in the wake of the promulgation of the new Japanese Constitution.
Yun Dong-ju's tomb is located in his hometown of Yongjeong-si.
suspicion of death
When Yoon Young-chun stopped by the Fukuoka prison to collect Yoon Dong-ju's body, he met Song Mong-gyu, saying, "Dong-ju and I are continuously getting injections. I don't know what kind of injection that was," he said, and Song Mong-gyu, who received the same injection, died shortly after. In response, Kono H, who majored in Korean literature at Dongguk University's graduate school, wrote in the May issue of "Modern Literature" in 1980 that Yoon Dong-ju and Song Mong-gyu were used as experimental materials for blood replacement experiments and were virtually killed.
In 1988, the production team went to Japan to interview related organizations such as Shimokamo Police Station and Fukuoka Prison, but related organizations, former Kyoto District Prosecutors' Office prosecutor Takashi Ejima, and former prison guards avoided answering that they did not remember. SBS wants to know thatThere was an investigation into the conspiracy related to Yoon Dong-ju's death, and at that time, the Japanese military was researching to develop physiological saline because it was a wartime system, and Yoon Dong-ju seemed to have been identified as an experimental subject for campaigning for independence in Fukuoka prison. It is presumed that it was the seawater of the injection at the time.
In the 2000s, a document related to the 1948 Japanese War Crimes Trial was confirmed to have conducted a biological test on Fukuoka Prison inmates as part of an alternative blood test actually being studied by Kyushu Imperial University. To be exact, it is a plasma replacement physiological saline. This was also studied by the United States because of the demand during the war, but in the case of Japan, it was experimented with converting seawater into physiological saline due to technical problems. Since it was not known that he was tortured in the related article, this biopsy was presumed to be Yoon Dong-ju's cause of death.
The person who recovered Yoon Dong-ju's body was his master, Yoon Young-chun. Some said that the cause of death of cerebral hemorrhage was also manipulated by Japan, but it has been confirmed that it is similar to the symptoms of bacterial infection in seawater.
Dongju, a 2016 movie, also describes him as dead from an injection. And at the end of the movie, it is mentioned that 1,800 people were killed by the injection that Yoon Dong-ju and Song Mong-gyu received. In the last episode of the first part of Yoon In-wan and Yang Kyung-il's serial cartoon, "Another Hometown," rumors of death from this biological experiment are mentioned. It is revealed by the person who murdered the Japanese in Japan and Jeju Island with cursed human bones, and considering that the serial period at that time was in 2000, the media first mentioned Yoon Dong-ju's death from a biological experiment.
